X-Terminate is a liquid formulation containing nutrients and other ingredients that aid in the efficacy of pesticides. When tank mixed and when applied alone, X-Terminate decreases the detrimental effect of aphids and other soft-bodied insects.

X-Terminate provides:

• Effective control of soft-bodied insects with a non-pesticide formulation.
• Synergistic effect when applied with pesticides (more activity with less chemical).
• Beneficial insects stay at sufficient levels in the field longer.
• No license to handle X-Terminate is not a pesticide, it is a biochemical repellant.
• Concentration-specific application. The less water you use per acre, the less X-Terminate you need to use.
  

Application Rates:

     Ground or Airplane Application

• 1-2 quarts per acre with 5-10 gallons water per acre on late season wheat, rice, and soybeans.

     Ground or Airplane Application

• 8 ounces to 1 pint per acre with 3-5 gallons water per acre on all young growing crops (cotton all season)

     Use a minimum of 50 pounds pressure to insure good coverage.

Human Health Assessment

Toxicity

     Capsaicin is natural, processed vegetable matter that has been part of the human diet for many years. It is unlikely that pesticide products containing capsaicin will pose a significant threat to human health. Excessive exposure to capsaicin may cause some slight eye and skin irritation. However, based on the existing acute toxicity data base, the remaining toxicity studies usually required for registration are waived.

Dietary Exposure

     Red chili peppers have long been used as food additives/components without causing any known adverse health effects. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has waived the usual residue chemistry data requirements for capsaicin. However, an exemption from the tolerance (feed residue limit) requirement must be established before capsaicin products will be re-registered.

Occupational and Residential Exposure

     Capsaicin products formulated as powders/dusts and granular may be applied to growing crops from the ground or by air; the liquid formulations are diluted with water and sprayed by aircraft, ground boom, hand-held garden hose and air-blast spray equipment.

Human Risk Assessment

     Due to the nature of capsaicin and the required precautionary statements on labeling, the EPA concludes that products containing capsaicin will not have adverse effects on human health.

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

     The basic data requirements for a biochemical pesticide consist of acute ecological effects (Tier I) studies. Environmental fate and additional ecological effects studies are required only if adverse effects are observed in the Tier I studies. As explained below, the EPA has waived the Tier I studies for capsaicin.

Environmental Fate

     Since capsaicin is a biochemical pesticide and all ecological effects studies have been waived, no environmental fate data are required.

     Although EPA regulated it as a conventional pesticide for many years, in November 1991 the Agency reclassified capsaicin as a biochemical pesticide because it is naturally-occurring substance and has a non-toxic mode of action.

     Garlic is a systemic, but will not change the taste or smell of the plant or its fruit. The garlic does change some of the clues that insects use to detect their favorite food plants.

Abstract-X-Terminate, a product of Capsyn and other properties:

In first year evaluations, it is the consensus of the technicians and the entomologists assigned to this project that Capsyn alone applied at the toxic levels of Rate 1-5 has a lethal effect on rapid feeding and chewing insects, particularly the Larvae of the Lepidoptera Order. Pay particular attention to the stages of the insects listed. Timing can become very crucial as to the effectiveness of the pesticide being applied. This test was to expose insects of this family. The Lepidoptera Order have advanced chewing parts and can digest large amounts of material to body weight in 24 to 48 hours and most common in field crops. Irritation would be noticed in the immediate “foregut?of the species. This would be an irritation of the tissue lining. Two assumptions can be made at this point with the Larvae Lepidoptera Order. Irritation of the “foregut, midgut, and hindgut can cause reduced feeding thus reducing nutrition of the larva. The larva dies within a few hours due to lack of nutrition. The same principle applies to an irritation of the chewing parts preventing feeding with the same end result. The point to be made at this point is: Capsyn causes an irritation to the digestive parts of this group of insects. Concentrations would not be relevant if toxicity occurs at 3300 Scoville Units. Rate 5 would be the same as Rate 1 because of irritation. With inherent properties of X-Terminate, such as garlic, the 3300 Scoville units can be reduced.

Results and Discussion

     Insects are very difficult for determining modes of action. This experiment utilized the knowledge of known pesticides and the comparison method of adding Capsyn to the test at various rates. The three insect states selected were:
          Stage 1 = Egg
          Stage 2 = Larvae (3-7)
          Stage 3 = Adult

Several insects were identified in the preliminary evaluation. These insects were as follows:

• Stink Bugs
• Soybean Thrips
• Alfalfa Leaf Beetle
• Potato Leafhopper
• Corn Flea Beetle
• Fall Armyworm
• Cow Pea Curculio
• European Corn Borer
• Bean Leaf Beetle
• Corn Ear Worm
• True Armyworm
• Corn Leaf Aphid
• Grasshoppers
• Spider Mites

Recommendation

     The two experiments have given strong indications in the use of X-Terminate for the Agricultural field. This product would benefit growers and the environment. Results also have indications of being friendly with the Environmental Protection Agency.

     X-Terminate would be competitive in many markets. X-Terminate is strongly synergistic with pesticides. The chemical nature of the compound offers efficacy and another mode of action to prevent insect resistance.

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